Voltage regulator ICs are available with
fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable E voltages. They are also rated by
the maximum current they can pass. Negative voltage regulators are available,
mainly for use in dual supplies. Most regulators include some automatic
protection from excessive current ('overload protection') and overheating
('thermal protection').
Many of the fixed
voltage regulator ICs has 3 leads and look like power transistors, such as the
7805 +5V 1A regulator shown on the above. If adequate heat sinking is
provided then it can deliver up to maximum 1A current..For 7805 IC, for an
input of 10v the minimum output voltage is 4.8V and maximum output voltage is
5.2V. The typical dropout voltage is 2V.
9V Voltage Regulator:
Here is the circuit diagram of 9 V
regulators using popular 7809 IC. The 7809 is a 9 V voltage regulator IC with
features such as internal current limit, safe area protection, thermal
protection etc. A 16 V transformer brings down the 230V mains , 1A bridge
rectifier rectifies it and capacitor C1 filters it and 7809 regulates it to
produce a steady9V DC output.
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